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Riemann zeta function
Čoupek, Petr ; Rokyta, Mirko (advisor) ; Zahradník, Miloš (referee)
Riemann zeta function represents an important tool in analytical number theory with various applications in quantum mechanics, probability theory and statistics. First introduced by Bernhard Riemann in 1859, zeta function is a central object of many outstanding problems. From previous results follows the importance of zeta function for further development in the field of number theory. This thesis provides basic properties of the Riemann zeta function. In particular, we prove theorems concerning the distribution of its roots outside and inside the critical strip which leads to the formulation of the Riemann hypothesis and theorems concerning the irrationality of selected values of the Riemann zeta function including the proof of the irrationality of ζ(3). 1
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Irrational Behaviour
Vlach, Tomáš ; Koubek, Ivo (advisor) ; Kvaček, Jan (referee)
This thesis questions the notion of rationally behaving individuals as an as- sumption of microeconomic and macroeconomic models. Its goal is to show that foundations on which the modern economics is built are not so much solid. Selected topics are discussed theoretically and subsequently confirmed empir- ically by existing research studies. Afterwards, they are extended by related findings and potential implications for human behaviour. The thesis contains examples of irrational behaviour in which it is possible to behave rationally as well as examples in which it is very difficult to do so. The results imply that irrationality is present in many different domains. Because the assumption of rationality is repeatedly violated, economic models are not able to properly describe and predict human behaviour. Keywords Irrationality; opportunity costs; loss aversion; self-control; procrastination; cognitive illusions Author's e-mail tvlach92@seznam.cz Supervisor's e-mail koubek@fsv.cuni.cz
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Situation of the Surrealist Subject
Svěrák, Šimon ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Dadejík, Ondřej (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filosofická fakulta katedra estetiky Diploma thesis Šimon Svěrák Situation of the Surrealist Subject (abstract) 2012 thesis supervisor: prof. PhDr. Vlastimil Zuska, CSc. Abstract This thesis focuses on the situation of a substantial subject in the historical development of the surrealist experience and confronts it with our original postmodern interpretation of thoughts of early Marx. The surrealist consciousness is based on a dialectical opposition between rational and irrational elements of cognitive processes. André Breton apprehends this dialectics under the perspective of love life and relates it to values of love, freedom and poetry. Nevertheless, this conception changes in the immanent development of the surrealist consciousness from Breton over the work and thoughts Salvador Dalí and Mikuláš Medek to Vratislav Effenberger. Effenberger removes positive values from surrealism and puts emphasis on the critical functions of the irrational. On the psychological field, all these ideas are based on the conception of the unconscious which means there is the substantial approach in them. Our critical interpretation of Marx shows, that the surrealist concept of subject is in the contradiction with its substantial determination. The subject has to be perceived as the essential...
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Irrationality of consumer choice and the effect of nudging decision-making: A field experiment on tipping
Alferovičová, Marija ; Korbel, Václav (advisor) ; Gregor, Martin (referee)
Ekonomy i psychology po celém světě vždy zajímala otázka procesu lidského rozhodování. Eko- nomové zd·razňují význam teorie úžitku během rozhodování, kdežto psychologové se zaměřují na r·zné vnitřní a vnější stimuly ovlivňující naše rozhodnutí. Oba tyto přístupy m·žeme najít v be- haviorální ekonomií, kde oba koncepty mezi sebou těsně spolupracují. Znalost r·zných ekonomic- kých i psychologických faktor·, které ovlivňují náš výběr m·že být mimo jiné přínosná například ve výzkumu spropitného. Abychom našli r·zné d·vody pro placení spropitného, vytvořili jsme experiment ohledně výše spropitného u českých zákazník·. Procentuální výše spropitného byla zkoumána v závislosti na pohlaví obsluhy, velikosti skupiny, která navštívila restauraci, velikosti účtu na jednu osobu a také byl zkoumán vliv tří na sobě nezávislých intervencí. Tyto intervence byly zaměřeny na altruistické chování, reciprocitu a dobrou náladu zp·sobenou personalizací. Výsledky experimentu jsou překvapující a neshodují se s výsledky z předchozích experiment·. Bylo zjištěno, že intervence spojené s altruismem a reciprocitou mají negativní vliv na výši spro- pitného, avšak intervence spojená s personalizací nemá žádný vliv na spropitné. Ve výsledku se také poukazuje na klíčový vliv země, ve které je experiment proveden. 1
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Irrational Behaviour
Vlach, Tomáš ; Koubek, Ivo (advisor) ; Kvaček, Jan (referee)
This thesis questions the notion of rationally behaving individuals as an as- sumption of microeconomic and macroeconomic models. Its goal is to show that foundations on which the modern economics is built are not so much solid. Selected topics are discussed theoretically and subsequently confirmed empir- ically by existing research studies. Afterwards, they are extended by related findings and potential implications for human behaviour. The thesis contains examples of irrational behaviour in which it is possible to behave rationally as well as examples in which it is very difficult to do so. The results imply that irrationality is present in many different domains. Because the assumption of rationality is repeatedly violated, economic models are not able to properly describe and predict human behaviour. Keywords Irrationality; opportunity costs; loss aversion; self-control; procrastination; cognitive illusions Author's e-mail tvlach92@seznam.cz Supervisor's e-mail koubek@fsv.cuni.cz
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Situation of the Surrealist Subject
Svěrák, Šimon ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Dadejík, Ondřej (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filosofická fakulta katedra estetiky Diploma thesis Šimon Svěrák Situation of the Surrealist Subject (abstract) 2012 thesis supervisor: prof. PhDr. Vlastimil Zuska, CSc. Abstract This thesis focuses on the situation of a substantial subject in the historical development of the surrealist experience and confronts it with our original postmodern interpretation of thoughts of early Marx. The surrealist consciousness is based on a dialectical opposition between rational and irrational elements of cognitive processes. André Breton apprehends this dialectics under the perspective of love life and relates it to values of love, freedom and poetry. Nevertheless, this conception changes in the immanent development of the surrealist consciousness from Breton over the work and thoughts Salvador Dalí and Mikuláš Medek to Vratislav Effenberger. Effenberger removes positive values from surrealism and puts emphasis on the critical functions of the irrational. On the psychological field, all these ideas are based on the conception of the unconscious which means there is the substantial approach in them. Our critical interpretation of Marx shows, that the surrealist concept of subject is in the contradiction with its substantial determination. The subject has to be perceived as the essential...
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Riemann zeta function
Čoupek, Petr ; Rokyta, Mirko (advisor) ; Zahradník, Miloš (referee)
Riemann zeta function represents an important tool in analytical number theory with various applications in quantum mechanics, probability theory and statistics. First introduced by Bernhard Riemann in 1859, zeta function is a central object of many outstanding problems. From previous results follows the importance of zeta function for further development in the field of number theory. This thesis provides basic properties of the Riemann zeta function. In particular, we prove theorems concerning the distribution of its roots outside and inside the critical strip which leads to the formulation of the Riemann hypothesis and theorems concerning the irrationality of selected values of the Riemann zeta function including the proof of the irrationality of ζ(3). 1
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Irrationality in the decision- making of an individual as an economic entity in the territory of the Czech Republic
Böhm, Tomáš ; Zeman, Martin (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
The main objective of this thesis is an in-depth analysis of the decision-making process on issues of economic nature for individuals in the Czech Republic. The degree of rationality occurring in consumer behavior is evaluated based on lessons learned. The theoretical section is concerned with the economic aspect of the decision-making process, which mainly includes knowledge of neoclassical theory, whose basis is the cardinal and ordinal concept of utility maximization. Subsequently there are introduced the alternative approaches to decision making, focusing on the subjective aspects of human reasoning. Using the mutual synthesis of these approaches, the author draws a term behavioral economics, specific elements of which constitute a substantive content of the whole work. The practical section verifies the hypothesis that the decision-making contradicts the theory of rational individual conduct. Data collected through the questionnaire is subjected to analytical procedures by which the stated hypothesis was verified.
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Irrationality in purchasing behaviour
HERMANOVÁ, Eliška
The aim of the work titled ?Irrationality in shopping behavior" was to realize several experiments aimed to confirm the irrationality in the shopping behavior and then make cross-cultural comparisons. To allow the comparison of results, were selected experiments already performed by Dan Ariely with American students. During the works were progressively evaluated predetermined hypotheses.
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